{"created":"2023-05-15T11:34:49.145498+00:00","id":1170,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"7e1c7955-0d88-4f56-a28c-95e857f7dc62"},"_deposit":{"created_by":4,"id":"1170","owners":[4],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1170"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:cur-ren.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001170","sets":["2:6:105"]},"author_link":["8069","8070","8067","8068"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2021","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"23","bibliographicPageStart":"17","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"20","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"CHUGOKUGAKUEN Journal"},{"bibliographic_title":"CHUGOKUGAKUEN Journal","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　Individuals, companies, governmental agencies and other organisations sometimes find it useful to be able to compare the English proficiency of one country with another, but to do so they must rely on the use of a very limited number of data resources which were not intended for that purpose and for which they are not necessarily suitable. Using the Education First (EF) English Proficiency Index and the European Commission’s Special Eurobarometer 386 for illustrative purposes, this paper demonstrates why such use of these measures is invalid and why researchers and writers should be more critical of the data and results they use in support of their academic work. Ultimately, it is concluded that no reliable, valid and practical instrument or methodology yet exists by which data from a sufficiently representative sample of each country’s population could be gathered, and that therefore comparisons of one country’s English proficiency with another is not currently possible. However, the big data provided by EF and the European Commission can be useful in illustrating tendencies.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.24770/00001161","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"中国学園大学/中国短期大学"}]},"item_10002_relation_16":{"attribute_name":"情報源","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Chiswick, B. R., & Miller, P. W. (2005). Linguistic distance: A quantitative measure of the distance between English and other languages. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 26(1), 1-11."}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Clark, G. (2000, January 30). Why Taro can’t speak English? The Japan Times Online. Retrieved from http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2000/01/30/commentary/why-tarocant-speak-english/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Clark, G. (2009, February 5). What’s wrong with the way English is taught in Japan? The Japan Times Online. Retrieved from http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2009/02/05/commentary/whats-wrong-with-the-wayenglish-is-taught-in-japan/#.VAgG02P-KSo"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Education First. (2011). EF English Proficiency Index (2011). EF Education Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/downloads/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Education First. (2012). EF English Proficiency Index (2012). EF Education Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/downloads/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Education First. (2013). EF English Proficiency Index (2013). EF Education Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/downloads/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Education First. (2014). EF English Proficiency Index (2014). EF Education Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/downloads/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Education First. (2015). EF English Proficiency Index (2015). EF Education Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/downloads/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Education First. (2019). EF English Proficiency Index (2019). EF Education Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/downloads/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"European Commission. (2012). Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and their languages. European Commission. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/eb_special_399_380_en.htm"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Marian, J. (2014). Map of the percentage of people speaking English in the EU by country. Retrieved from https://jakubmarian.com/mapof-the-percentage-of-people-speaking-englishin-the-eu-by-country/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Marian, J. (2016). Why the EF EPI rankings are not what you think. Retrieved from https://jakubmarian.com/why-the-ef-epi-rankingsare-not-what-you-think/"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Reedy, S. M. (2000). TOEFL scores in Japan: Much ado about nothing. The Language Teacher, 24(5), 9-11."}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Spolsky, B. (1989). Conditions for second language learning. Oxford University Press."}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Takeno, J. & Moritoshi, P. (2018). Re-examining the English Proficiency Level of Japanese EFL Learners. Chugokugakuen Journal, 17, 35-39."}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"Tolbert, K. (2000, January 29). English is the talk of Japan. The Washington Post, p. A13."}]}]},"item_10002_rights_15":{"attribute_name":"権利","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_rights":"中国学園大学/中国短期大学"}]},"item_10002_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA11806612","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1348-1452","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_10002_subject_21":{"attribute_name":"日本十進分類法","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"830","subitem_subject_scheme":"NDC"}]},"item_10002_text_24":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Chugokugakuen University / Chugoku Junior College"}]},"item_10002_version_type_20":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Takeno, Junichiro"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"8067","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Moritoshi, Paul"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"8068","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Takeno, Junichiro","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"8069","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Moritoshi, Paul","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"8070","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2021-11-05"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"20_017_023.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"953.7 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","license_note":"Copyright (c) 2021 by Chugokugakuen University and Chugoku Junior College","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"20_017_023.pdf","url":"https://cur-ren.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1170/files/20_017_023.pdf"},"version_id":"a9a2b9e2-6a3b-4ee9-81d8-5961a5fb127c"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"Education First English Proficiency Index","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Special European Barometer 386","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Englishspeaking population","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"European English speakers","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Language proficiency","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Education First English Proficiency Index","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Special European Barometer 386","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Englishspeaking population","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"European English speakers","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Language proficiency","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"Comparing National-level English Proficiencies and the Necessity of a Critical Eye","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Comparing National-level English Proficiencies and the Necessity of a Critical Eye"},{"subitem_title":"Comparing National-level English Proficiencies and the Necessity of a Critical Eye","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"4","path":["105"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2021-11-05"},"publish_date":"2021-11-05","publish_status":"0","recid":"1170","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Comparing National-level English Proficiencies and the Necessity of a Critical Eye"],"weko_creator_id":"4","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T11:41:08.650721+00:00"}